interfacing dac 0800 with 8086

ADC0804 is a single channel analog to digital convertor. they are able to convert only positive analog input voltages to their digital equivalents. The frequency depends on the CPU clock, divided by the number of instructions per loop iteration. One of the examples of DAC is AD558 that is an 8-bit DAC with an internal latch and I to V converting amplifier. Digital-to-analog conversion is the primary means by which digital equipment such as computer-based systems are able to translate digital data into real-world signals that are more understandable to or useable by humans, such as music, speech, pictures, video. The CPU just has a clock of 8 MHz, it does not execute 8 million instructions per second, because most instructions take more than 1 clock cycle to execute. I am relatively new to Microprocessors and just started with my uni course on the same. Why are taxiway and runway centerline lights off center? The input at the DAC unit is binary data which converts it into equivalent analog voltage or current. This DAC can be directly interfaced with the 8085/8086 microprocessor using two control signals namely Chip Select and Chip Enable. We need an I-to-V converter such as built using an OPAMP LM741. The analog to digital converter chips 0808 and 0809 are 8-bit CMOS, successive approximation converters. 2. DAC0800 It consists of three 8-bit bidirectional I/O ports i.e. Interfacing of DAC with 8086 Microprocessor. The output from 0808 DAC is current, so we need current to voltage converter at output of DAC as shown in figure below. from 4.5V to +18V. For example for a 8-bit weighted sum DAC the largest resistance would be 256 times the smallest resistance and for 12-bit it will be 2048 times. There are two methods of converting digital signals to analog signals. It, nt outputs to allow differential output voltage of 20. simple resistor load and it can be operated both in unipolar and bipolar mode. The input supply provided to it is in the range of 5 V to 18 V. This can be directly interfaced with TTL or any other logic family member. RESET OUT pin of 8085 is connected to the RESET pin of 8255. I am relatively new to Microprocessors and just started with my uni course on the same. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Figure-5: Interfacing DAC. This problem is overcome in the R-2R network DAC. of OPAMP are connected to CRO to see the wave form. We can program it according to the given condition. Sarthak Srivastava Asks: How do we specify the signal frequency while interfacing DAC 0800 with 8086? Will it have a bad influence on getting a student visa? The ADC 0808 is an 8-bit A-to-D converter, having data lines D0-D7. Sometimes there are internal references but all DACs do not have internal references thus in some cases power supply is used as a reference. It is used to bring data in. The DAC 0800 has a settling time of: a. Detailed Solution for Test: ADC, DAC Interfacing - Question 10. My faculty while discussing the question: What I don't understand here is how he chose the value of FFh to get the required wave frequency of 500Hz. B. Other than this DAC0800 is another example of an 8-bit DAC however this does not operate without an internal latch and I to V converting amplifier. Pin Diagram of DAC 0800 Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) is a device that transforms digital data into an analog signal. 503), Mobile app infrastructure being decommissioned. LKML Archive on lore.kernel.org help / color / mirror / Atom feed * [time] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 1 at kernel/time/timekeeping.c:1337 update_wall_time() @ 2014-11-26 20 . DAC 0808 Interfacing with 8086 P (Proteus Simulation) 6,399 views Dec 9, 2018 40 Dislike Share Save Ammar Galala 190 subscribers Digital to Analog Converter (DAC0808) Interfacing with 8086 P. This problem is overcome in the R-2R network DAC. 5 CONTROL WORD REGISTER. WAP in 8086 AL to generate a square wave pulse at the output using DAC-0800, Introduction to Advanced Computer Networks, Practical Approach to Digital Circuit Design. Connect data bus between microprocessor trainer kit & DAC interfacing kit. Other ADC can have n bit resolution and n can be 8,10,12,16 or 24 bits. The loop contains 4 instructions. Microprocessor trainer kit, ADC kit, power supply, data cable, CRO etc THEORY:- The DAC 0800 is View the full answer Connect 8255 to CN4 of 8086 using 26 pin bus. 2. But what is the relation exactly? Is this homebrew Nystul's Magic Mask spell balanced? Your email address will not be published. Submit question paper solutions and earn money. Once the previous operation has been completed then the next data will get loaded. 17 Timer 8253 Microprocessor Interfacing 8086 family. The DAC 0808 is 8-bit digital to analog convertor IC. A deposited silicon-chromium R-2R resistor ladder network divides the reference current. Wide power supply range +/- 4.5 to +/- 18V, When chip select of DAC is enabled then DAC will convert digital input value given, through portliness PB0-PB7 to analog value. The conversion time offered by this DAC is around 100 ns. 4. 100 milliseconds: b. Microprocessors & Interfaces. The figure below shows the interfacing of DAC0800 with 8085: The latch used for the purpose of interfacing here is 74LS273 it is a 3-to-8 decoder that generates the chip select signals for the associated input-output devices. Microprocessor kit 8086 Vi Microsystems 1 2. . ADC 0808/0809 is a monolithic CMOS device. It is used to bring data out and send in the control byte, one at a time. AIM:To Interface Digital -to-Analog converter to 8086 using 8255 and write Assembly Language Program to generate Square Wave, Ramp Wave, Triangular Wave & Staircase Wave form. DAC Techniques: It is to be noted here that at the time of interfacing the DAC with the microprocessor the digital signal must be present at the input of the DAC continuously till the time of completion of the ongoing conversion process. 35 mins. Vladimir Novoseltsev Wed, 21 Nov 2007 22:58:58 -0800 Hi, I've tried atombios-support branch on FreeBSD 7-BETA3 amd64 with X1950GT board and unfortunately it crashed xserver. Here we connect the output to a display device like a CRO. Name for phenomenon in which attempting to solve a problem locally can seemingly fail because they absorb the problem from elsewhere? A definite amount of time is needed by the DAC in order to change the digital data into analog one. Stop requiring only one assertion per unit test: Multiple assertions are fine, Going from engineer to entrepreneur takes more than just good code (Ep. 8155 Programmable Peripheral Interface Microprocessor. When the microprocessor is reset, it also resets the 8255 via . 22. Digital-to-Analog Conversion or simply DAC, is a device that is used to convert a digital (usually binary) code into an analog signal (current, voltage, or electric charge). b. Interfacing DAC AD7523 with an 8086 CPU running at 8MHZ and write an assembly language program to generate a sawtooth waveform of period "X'ms with Vmax "YV. Here digital data is changed into analog output, the processor first loads the data onto the latch and the latch will hold the previous data till the time the previous operation is taking place. 2. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Package: xserver-xorg-video-intel Version: 2:2.9.1-2 Severity: important Since the latest update of xserver-xorg-video-intel to debian testing, I have experienced a number of problems. CONTROL EQU 0FFC6H ; Control port address for 8255, PORTA EQU 0FFC0H ; Port A address for 8255, PORTB EQU 0FFC2H ; Port B address for 8255, PORTC EQU 0FFC4H ; Port C address for 8255, MOV AL,80H ;Initialize all ports as output, MOV BL,FFH ;Take FFH in BL analog equivalent to 5V, DEC BL ; To generate ramp wave this 5V is continuously decreased till 0V, MOV BL,FFH ; To generate same wave this procedure is repeated, MOV AL,80H ; Initialize all ports as output, TRIANGULAR WAVE GENERATOR with 8086 using, Interfacing Digital-To-Analog converter to 8086 using 8255. DAC accepts digital data on its B0-B8 lines and convert it to its analog equivalent at the Iout pit. Communications questions and answers. It has 8 bit resolution. How to write 8085 program to generate square wave,sawtooth, sine, triangular wave and ramp using DAC? It converts digital data into equivalent analog current. 2. When the migration is complete, you will access your Teams at stackoverflowteams.com, and they will no longer appear in the left sidebar on stackoverflow.com. Connect power supply 5V & GND to both microprocessor trainer kit & DAC interfacing kit. Weighted Sum DAC One way to achieve D/A conversion is to use a summing amplifier. The operation of voltage output DAC is such that internally the analog current signal is transformed into voltage equivalent. The actual cycles how much each CPU instruction takes are found in the CPU manuals. This DAC can be directly interfaced with the 8085/8086 microprocessor using two control signals namely Chip Select and Chip Enable. These two methods are binary weighted method and R/2R ladder method. This DAC provides an analog voltage signal as its output. PORT A, PORT B and PORT C. To get the positive edge for 1 ms, we run the loop 2000 times no because the signal frequency is 2ms? DAC is an acronym used for Digital to Analog Converter and DAC interface is used to generate analog output by converting the digital signal obtained from the microprocessor into equivalent analog form. Connect 8086 kit PC using RS232 cable. DAC-0800 Interfacing Module . The connection of the resistors in the circuit is done in such a way that the overall current of the circuit appears in binary proportion. Connect the CRO probe to JP3 of 8255 kit 5. Powering condenser mic while getting the signal, How to see Signal frequency and Sampling frequency on the frequency spectrum, Value of loop gain for steady state oscillations, Memory interfacing with 8086: IP/CS pointers in EPROM while RAM addresses start at F0000H, Error in LCD while interfacing with ATmega 32. DAC 0808 is an 8 bit Digital to Analog Converter. It has 8 channel multiplexer to interface with the microprocessor. This means that the successive data will get loaded into the latch only when conversion time has been completed. The failing ES prevents the installer from writing to disk. The network contains an op-amp that provides a voltage signal as output from the obtained current signal. It produces complementary current output, which can be converted to voltage by using simple resistor load. Here, I/O port address is decoded using_ OR gate. B8-B0 are connected on port A of 8255. In this type of I/O interfacing, the 8086 uses 20 address lines to identify an I/O device; an I/O device is connected as if it is a memory register. The digital data is loaded into DAC0830 when A 0 -A 7 lines, WR and IO/M signals are low. Its interfacing can be done using a port device or latch. It converts digital data into equivalent analog current. Can plants use Light from Aurora Borealis to Photosynthesize? Thanks for contributing an answer to Electrical Engineering Stack Exchange! A DAC can reconstruct sampled data into an analog signal with precision. Can you derive that calculation here? This current is converted to voltage using. Ability interface with 8086/8085/8051; Terminal connectors; 20-pin Box Connector; Kit Includes. If ADC has higher resolution, it gives smaller step size.If ADC has 8 bit resolution, input voltage span is 0-5V and the step size is 19.53mV (5V/255). What are the weather minimums in order to take off under IFR conditions? A microprocessor is an electronic device designed for performing data processing based on logic on an integrated circuit. The above arrangement contains switches and the switches can be transistors connected with the resistance which forms a connection either with the ground or the reference voltage. It has settling time around 100ms and can operate on a range of power supply voltages i.e. No. How did the author and my faculty arrive at the value of FFh to get the required frequency? thanks for the insight related to how instructions take multiple clock cycles. Can an adult sue someone who violated them as a child? It also allows digital control of machines, equipment, household appliances. The summing amplifier with the R-2R ladder of resistances shown produces the output where the Ds take the value 0 or 1. Fig. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Data in clean binary digital form can be converted to an analog form by using a summing amplifier. THEORY: Since DAC 0800 is an 8 bit DAC and the output voltage variation is between . hi i want to interface dac0800 with 8051 . Other than these two types the third one is the multiplying type DAC that provides the output which is the product of applied input and the reference source. Connect the CRO probe to JP3 of 8255 kit 5. JB = 16 cycles if jump taken, 4 cycles if jump not taken. Mainly the DAC is classified into 3 categories: As the name indicates the current and voltage output DACs are the ones that generate analog current and voltage signal respectively as its output. DAC accepts digital data on its B0-B8 lines and convert it to its analog equivalent at the Iout pit. Draw and explain interfacing of DAC 0808 with 8086 using 8255. This Modules are designed to interface through 8255, MCU Port I/O's, 50 Pin KXT Bus. Interfacing Digital-To-Analog Converter to 8086 Using 8255, DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd, 75% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful, 25% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful, Save Interfacing Digital-To-Analog Converter to 8086 Us For Later, Assembly Language Program to generate Square Wave, Assembly Language Program to generate Ramp Wave, Assembly Language Program to generate Triangular Wave, Assembly Language Program to generate Staircase, To Interface Digital -to-Analog converter to 8086, converters featuring setting time of 100nSEC. Connect Power supply to 8086 kit and 8255 interfacing kit (only blue ( 5v) and black (0v) lines Power cable to power supply) 3. S. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? The digital inputs could be TTL voltages which close the switches on a logical 1 and leave it grounded for a logical 0. It takes only one analog signal. Instruction Set and Programming of 8086 Peripherals Interfacing with 8086 and Applications ADC,DAC Interfacing with 8086 and Its Application 8086 Microprocessor Interfacing Instructor Vamseekrishna Allam Ph.D 9 years Professor Dr. Vamseekrishna Allam has 9 years of prior experience in teaching field with a Ph.D. in ECE discipline. It does not have an internal clock. Use MathJax to format equations. Stack Exchange network consists of 182 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. CSE2006 Microprocessor & Interfacing Module - 5 Introduction to Peripheral Vout= Rf/R*Vref (D0/2N + D1/2N-1 + ..DN-1/21), Interfacing of DAC with 8086 Microprocessor. Its interfacing can be done using a port device or latch. It is to be noted here that every analog output will be a multiple of the resolution. Write a program to generate square wave. Enter the program to generate Ramp, Square, Triangular & Staircase Wave. Circuit diagram to connect the 8085 with 8255. Stack Overflow for Teams is moving to its own domain! DAC 0800 The DAC 0800 is an 8 -bit, high speed, current output DAC with a typical settling time (conversion time) of 100 ns. Usually the supply V+ is 5V or +12V. There are a positive and a negative supply voltage pin along with a pin dedicated for compensation voltage. Enhanced Strobe (ES) does not work correctly on the ASUS 1100 series of devices. APPARATUS:Microprocessor trainer kit, ADC kit, power supply, data cable, CRO etc THEORY:The DAC 0800 is a monolithic 8 bit high speed current output digital to analog . DAC Interface board-1 PROBLEM STATEMENT: The program is executed for various digital values and equivalent analog voltages are measured and also the waveforms are measured at the output ports using CRO. Shutdown, Reboot, Hibernate, Logout cause the system to freeze with a blank screen. These chips do not contain any internal sample and hold circuit. 4. Joined May 3, 2007 Messages 216 Helped 20 Reputation 40 Reaction score 8 Trophy points 1,298 Activity points 2,371 how to interface an dac0800 gooogle man:!::! Problem in the text of Kings and Chronicles. Did Twitter Charge $15,000 For Account Verification? Thanks. The figure below represents the DAC network consisting of the resistive ladder: Here we are having a resistive network of adequate values along with switches and reference sources. DESCRIPTION. The DAC 0800 is a monolithic 8-bit DAC manufactured by National Semiconductor. This is illustrated for 4 bits, but can be extended to any number with just the resistance values R and 2R. IO-Mapped & Memory-Mapped , Modes of I/O Instructions, Isolated I/O Direct I/O Indirect I/O String IN and OUT, I/O Design in 8086, Switch Interface LED Interface, Simple Output Port using 74373 Latch , Simple Input Port using 74245 Trans-receive Tristate Buffer, Key . The frequency comes out of trimming how many clock cycles each loop takes (or triggering the loop off a separate clock, if you're so lucky). You can understand the connections in the following steps. Substituting black beans for ground beef in a meat pie, Removing repeating rows and columns from 2d array. The DAC0800 is an 8-bit, high speed, current output DAC with a typical settling time (conversion time) of 100 ns. ALGORITHM: SQUARE WAVE: Step 1 : Step 2 : Step 3 : Step 4 : send low value to DAC and call delay send high value to DAC and call delay repeat from step 1 stop We need an I-to-V converter such as built using an OPAMP LM741. 14.20 shows the 8255 Interfacing with 8086 in memory mapped I/O technique. The Digital to Analog converter (DAC) is a device, that is widely used for converting digital pulses to analog signals. The current output signal obtained from it can be converted into voltage by making use of a resistor. It has a total of eight analogue input channels, out of which any one can be selected using address lines A, B and C. Here, in this case, input channel IN0 is selected by grounding A, B and C address lines. Are witnesses allowed to give private testimonies? MOV AL,80h ;make all ports output OUT CWR, AL again: MOV AL,00h ;start voltage for ramp back : OUT PA, AL CALL delay INC AL CMP AL, 0FFh JB back JMP again Delay PROC NEAR . View 21-DAC Interfacing_ AD7523, 0800-15-10-2021 [15-Oct-2021]Material_I_15-10-2021_17.pdf from CSE 2006 at VIT University. DACs are used in various applications such as Waveform generation, PWM, Motor control Applications, DSP etc. This approach is not satisfactory for a large number of bits because it requires too much precision in the summing resistors. Most of the Interfacing Module are supplied in Australian Pine Wood enclosure. The CPU just has a clock of 8 MHz, it does not execute 8 million instructions per second, because most instructions take more than 1 clock cycle to execute. Required fields are marked *. ADD COMMENT FOLLOW SHARE EDIT. really helpful. Interfacing DAC0800 with 8085 Microprocessor, Pin Diagram and Description of 8085 Microprocessor, Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT). peripherals and interfacing with 8086 / 61. Weighted Sum DAC One way to achieve D/A conversion is to use a summing amplifier. Your email address will not be published. It can convert an 8 bit digital data input into an analog voltage output. Your email address will not be published. Note that B8 is LSB and B0 is MSB on DAC-0800. It comprises of 3 main blocks as its heart for functioning namely the Arithmetic block, Logical block and control units. Oct 24, 2007 #2 abbas1707 Full Member level 4. As seen an N-bit weighted sum DAC would require largest resistance to be 2N time the value of smallest resistance on the summing input, which becomes impractical as the number of bits increases. Did find rhyme with joined in the 18th century? 4. However, in some applications like in order to control analog devices, analog signals are needed. My profession is written "Unemployed" on my passport. Basically, the digital signal is usually represented by a binary code, which is the combination of bits, 0 and 1. 1. How actually can you perform the trick with the "illusion of the party distracting the dragon" like they did it in Vox Machina (animated series)? The DAC 0800 require a positive and a negative supply voltage in the range of 5 V to 18 V. DAC interfacing Interfacing DAC 0800 with an 8086 CPU running at 8MHZ and write an assembly language program to generate a saw tooth waveform of period 1ms with Vmax 5V. The obtained output voltage for the above network will be given as: In case, if we consider 8-bit DAC then a number of R/2R ladder in the network will get increased thus the modified equation for output voltage will be: The time duration in which a digital signal is converted into an analog one is known as conversion time. The Alt+SysRq key combination does not . FEATURES OF 0808/0809 28 PIN Resolution-8 bits High accuracy High conversion speed [100ms at 640kHz] 8-channel multiplexer with latched control logic Output meet TTL voltage level specifications Latched Tri-state output Clock Frequency 10kHz to 1280kHz. 734 views. This means holding the data at the input is necessary and for this latch is used at the input of the DAC. The data provided to the microprocessor is in digital form. Interfacing DAC (IC 0808) with 8255 Follow the initial 3 steps of interfacing of 8255 with 8085 that are given before. That code will make a triangle wave as fast as the processor can go -- normally you'd have to slow it down with NOP instructions or delay loops to get just the right frequency. { 2 last 2 digits of your eyes from 0 to 10 float 2 digits of your Reg#is from 11 to 25 Where X= 3 iflast 2 digits of your Reg#is greater than 25 . 1. Why does more bandwidth mean higher bit rate in digital transmission? 2: Pin Diagram of DAC0832 Digital to Analog Converter IC DAC0830 is an advanced CMOS/Si-Cr 8-bit multiplying DAC designed to interface directly with the 8080, 8048, 8085, Z80, and other popular microprocessors. 4. Vref/2 (pin9) left open means input voltage span is 0-5V and step size is 5/255=19.6V. This chip is popular and widely used ADC. Suppose if there is an 8-bit DAC where the reference voltage is considered to be 5V then the DAC resolution will be given as: This simply means that a digital input of 8-bit value can provide 28 i.e., 256 different values. So the CPU executes 8*10^6 instructions per second. Here VLC represents the threshold control pin and there are two pins for positive and negative values of reference voltage denoted by VREF (+) and VREF (-). PIN DIAGRAM OF ADC 0808 3 FIGURE 1: PIN DIAGRAM OF ADC 0808. LN2 Fri, 29 Jan 2010 03:03:42 -0800. The values are output as fast as possible in a loop. 3. ", Covariant derivative vs Ordinary derivative. This analog current can be converted into analog voltage by the use of a resistor across the output terminal. Interfacing ADC with 8085 using 8255 Step - 3 Output Enable (OE) Data to Port B Address=01 H (OE= HIGH) Follow the initial 3 steps of interfacing of 8255 with 8085 that are explained before. @LiorBilia. DAC 0808 is an 8 bit Digital to Analog Converter. So the loop should run for 2000 times no?. Be the first to review "DAC 0800 Interface Card" Cancel reply. It is 20 PIN DIP (Dual -in-Line Package) IC Fig. The figure given below represents the block diagram representation of DAC0800: It is an 8-bit DAC that offers high speed and is a current output type of DAC that means it provides analog current as its output. Interfacing Module are useful for Teaching/Training to interface with any Microprocessor, Microcontroller, Embedded, VLSI Trainer Kits. DAC 0800; Interface Cable; CD Contains: Datasheets; App notes; Additional information. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. It only takes a minute to sign up. The output can be amplified (optional) using an op-amp. Which means that the DAC output updates at a rate of 8 MHz / 33 = 242 kHz, which means that a cycle of triangle wave takes 512 updates so the resulting triangle wave frequency is about 473 Hz - close enough to 500 Hz. Though the difference is simple, even current output DAC and voltage output DAC can be considered as multiplying type DAC as all of them provide such an output which is the product of applied input with the reference value. 0xFF is the maximum amplitude of the triangular wave. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site, Learn more about Stack Overflow the company. This device uses successive approximation technique to convert analog signal to digital form. It works on the principle of successive approximation. The actual cycles how much each CPU instruction takes are found in the CPU manuals. ADC 0808 The ADC 0808 is a popular 8-bit ADC with a step size of 19.53 millivolts. The pin out diagram of ADC0804 is shown in the figure below. Procedure: 1. INTERFACING OF ADC WITH 8086 MICROPROCESSOR 2 PRESENTED BY A. KARTHIK 17690A0215. When data is in binary form, the 0s and 1s may be of several forms such as the TTL form where the logic zero may be a value up to 0.8 volts and the 1 may be a voltage from 2 to 5 volts. In the following section we show you how to interface a nonmultiplexed LCD to a microprocessor such as SDK-86. Therefore, it requires a clock signal from an external source. Here we have shown the pin diagram of DAC0800 DIP 16-pin arrangement: As it is an 8-bit DAC thus it contains 8 digital input lines. According to the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem, any sampled data can be reconstructed perfectly with bandwidth and Nyquist criteria. Connect Power supply to 8086 kit and 8255 interfacing kit (only blue ( 5v) and black (0v) lines Power cable to power supply) 3. There are no reviews yet. There are also two system families under the series, thus this is being scoped to the ASUS BIOS. The ADC 0808/0809 is an 8-bit analog to digital converter. In general, it is known that a microprocessor generates only digital signal i.e., in the form of binary values as its output. The output can be amplified (optional) using an op-amp. 14.118. Due to this reason, DAC interfacing is necessary as using a DAC the digital output of the microprocessor can be converted into analog form. MathJax reference. D. It is used to get serial output. Interfacing a PIC Microcontroller with theMAX5581 Fast-Settling DAC TRANSCRIPT. The value of the analog current obtained at the output depends on the applied digital input as well as the reference voltage value. This conversion time shows dependency on the response time of switching transistors along with the characteristics of the output amplifier. DAC Interfacing with 8051 Microcontroller are used in wide variety of applications like for measuring and control of physical quantity like temperature, pressure, speed, distance, etc. rev2022.11.7.43014. Is there any alternative way to eliminate CO2 buildup than by breathing or even an alternative to cellular respiration that don't produce CO2? DAC (Digital to Analog Converter) finds application in: a. digitally controlled gains: b. motor speed controls . The analog ou, current quantity. The V-pin can be kept at a minimum of -12V. A word resolution is used to describe the smallest analog value that an n-bit binary code can represent. My faculty while discussing the question: gave us the following solution: What I don't understand. INTERFACING BLOCK WITH 8085. As we have discussed that a reference value is required therefore, for the operation to take place DAC needs either a reference analog voltage (Vref) or reference analog current (Iref). The DAC0800 require a positive and a negative supply voltage in the range of 5V to 18V. Is there an industry-specific reason that many characters in martial arts anime announce the name of their attacks?
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