Storage tank made of aluminum, steel etc. Methanol can be absorbed through the skin and is a serious contaminant to eyes therefore a lab coat, gloves and protective glasses must be worn when preparing these solutions as well as having a nearby running water supply. 3. If we look at the pattern of energy production, coal and oil account for 54 per cent and 34 per cent respectively with natural gas, hydro and nuclear contributing to the balance. Both ASB Biodiesel (HK) Ltd and ASB Chun Yip Ltd had received the International Sustainability & Carbon . 2. Generation d) Trans-esterification (alcoholysis): is the reaction of vegetable oils or animal fats with a short chain alcohol in order to derivatize the triglycerides and fatty acid into esters. In catalytic trans-esterification acid base or enzyme catalysis is used to promote the alcoholysis derivative reaction. The excess methanolyis recovered by distillation and is sent to a rectifying column for purification and recycling. 2 Acidic esterification The filtered oil then undergoes to a next process i. e. acidic esterification reaction. Biodiesel is simple to use, biodegradable, The use of biodiesel is quite widespread all over, Transport is one of the most energy demanding, Biodesiel use is one of the ways to accomplish, Recycled vegetable oils come from oils used in. 2. ? 3. Design The Diesel Crew designed and prototyped a continuous system that cleans up the waste oil, converts it to biodiesel, purifies the product, and collects the other components to be recycled in the system. thomas mcguire egee 520, Alternative Fuel Spray Length Characterization: Comparing Diesel and Biodiesel Fuels - . So, we should focus on finding new alternate source of energy and government have taken initiative and invested money in the research and development in the field of non-conventional source of energy like solar, wind, biogas, biomass biodiesel etc. The biodiesel sample was neutralized with 10% of phosphoric acid. 5 = 5. Click here to review the details. Some of them are 1. 05144 Table 4. The Indian oil industry and the Government of India should join hands to make future fuels a thing of the near future, and not relegate it to the backseat. 5. The tendency of the fuel to be unstable can be predicted by the iodine number. 1 Titration Procedure 1. The procedure used to change over these oils to Biodiesel is called transesterification. Conversion of the oil to fatty acids, and then to methyl esters with acid catalysis 5. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. This results in higher combustion efficiency and smoother combustion. Biodiesel is made by reacting vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol (usually methanol or ethanol) and a catalyst (usually sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide). 5 WORLD EXPERIENCE ON BIODIESEL 6 BIODIESEL IN EUROPE. Making Fuel from Forages - . 2 Ethanol Ethanol (ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, ETOH) is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic, agreeable odour. Low temperature can allow the biodiesel to form gel. Flash point The flash point of fuel is defined as the temperature at which it ignite when exposed to a flame or spark. Algae that can be grown using waste material such as sewage and without displacing land currently used for food production The selection of the appropriate biodiesel feedstock is an important issue. Water vapour formed during the reaction is completely condensed especially when few drops of water are placed in the bomb calorimeter prior to sealing in order to saturate the gaseous atmosphere. fWHAT IS BIODIESEL? The bomb calorimeter will combust the biodiesel and vaporizes the water contained within it. It was observed that lesser the FFA in oil, the better is the biodiesel recovery will depend Upon the of type of oil and amount of sodium hydroxide used. May 26, 2021. The second one came five years later in 1978. 2Preparation of Biodiesel through transesterification 3. 4 Trans-esterification setup. One part water was used with three parts of the top layer (methyl esters) biodiesel for washing. to make a small batch of Biodiesel from waste vegetable oil. 2. Heating value are reported as positive quantities and are widely used in the calculation of the thermal effiency of power system Bomb calorie is a constant volume system is initially charged with oxygen and a small sample of fuel. Biodiesel is an elective fuel like regular or 'fossil' diesel. Apart from biodiesel production from plant species such as Jatropha Curcas and Pongamia Pinnata , waste cooking oil can also reliable source for the raw material for the biodiesel. production process. It's FREE! Biodiesel is a popular and promising environment-friendly alternative fuel due to its renewable nature and clean burning characteristics. The embargo on Cuba halted oil importation depriving it of heating oil. Tap here to review the details. 7 Solar Fuel Solar energy technologies use sunlight to warm and light homes, heat water, and generate electricity. Replace the ball valve in position to seal the cup to prevent the overflow of oil. Ford was so convinced that renewable resources were the key to the success of his automobiles that he built a plant to make ethanol in the Midwest and formed a partnership with Standard Oil to sell it in their distributing stations. A sudden increase in oil viscosity is attributed to oxidation and polymerization of unsaturated fuel parts entering into oil through dilution. The most important feature of biodiesel is that it is a renewable source of energy unlike other natural resources like coal and petroleum. Failures amounting to complete destruction of the injection system have been reported by usage of non-standard or contaminated biodiesel. Making biodiesel from oil is a chemical reaction process. 5. On the consumption front, the industrial sector in India is a major energy user accounting for about 52 per cent of commercial energy consumption. While in India is short of petroleum reserves, it has a large arable land as well as good climatic condition with (tropical) with adequate rainfall in large parts of the area to account for large biomass production each year. Place the biodiesel inside the bomb calorimeter. Biodiesel remains in the political and economic arena and is playing a part in this process as the awareness alternative fuel spreads through the consciousness of the general public. 1 7. 3. Registration number: 419361 Many people believe this could cause harm to the equipment, but in fact, the opposite has been shown to be true. 2. Catalysts include sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and Candida Antarctica enzyme etc. 5)Keep the 50 ml flask in position below the jet. Acid number, The acid number reflects the presence of free fatty acids or acids used in manufacture of biodiesel. Sustainable Biodiesel Company is to develop an, A recovery in the price of crude oil will make, Our strategy of UFO energy usage will develop, We will collect Used Frying Oils (UFO) or waste, Some food producing companies, delivers the oil, The product made from the transesterification of, The process removes and breaks larger and more, Biodiesel in the 21st century has moved out of, It can be used in any diesel vehicle in pure form, Biodiesel has combustion properties very similar, Biodiesel one of the main candidates to replace, Biodiesel can be produced from an array of, Methanol, used in conjunction with an appropriate, 5.75 must be reached by the end of 2008, 7 by, 20 share of RE in overall EU energy consumption, Current share of RE in energy consumption is, To achieve the energy policy goals, EC proposed a, Targets and reporting till 2010 will remain in. CAR T-cell Therapy_A New Era in Cancer Immunotherapy, Detection and Enumeration of Coliforms in Ganga Water, Bioinformatics & It's Scope in Biotechnology, LITERATURE SURVEY & MARKET SURVEY ON AMLODIPINE AND ITS RECENT TRENDS, Literature Survey & Market Survey on Amlodipine and its Recent Trends, Irresistible content for immovable prospects, How To Build Amazing Products Through Customer Feedback. (b) FT-IR spectrum for biodiesel produced at optimum conditions. Bridging the Gap Between Data Science & Engineer: Building High-Performance T How to Master Difficult Conversations at Work Leaders Guide, Be A Great Product Leader (Amplify, Oct 2019), Trillion Dollar Coach Book (Bill Campbell). 3. Free Online Library: One-Step Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using CaO Promoted Activated Carbon Catalyst from Prunus persica Seeds. 2. Here is the basic procedure for making biodiesel fuel: Purchase or collect used vegetable oil. 6. As in the 1930s, we are faced with tremendous political and economic pressure creating similar challenges. 2. I can advise you this service - www.HelpWriting.net Bought essay here. 3. The CCR of biodiesel of is more important than that in diesel because it has a high correlation with the presence of FFAs. A major hurdle in the commercialization of biodiesel from virgin oil, in comparison to petroleum-based diesel fuel, is its cost of manufacturing, primarily the raw material cost. Thermal decomposition of triglycerides produce the compounds of shorter chain alkanes, alkenes carboxylic acids etc, which will diminish the viscosity of vegetable oil. (0. The standard methods of testing the properties of fuel are discussed below: 2 The Redwood viscometer:-The Redwood viscometer is made in two sizes. Ethyl esters are grain based while methyl esters are wood based. Acids and bases neutralize each other. ) Free fatty acids are created when vegetable oil is heated. This titration should be done just before we are going to make biodiesel because the fatty acid content can change with time. 5%C-84% H2-15. Biodiesel has been produced on an industrial scale in EU max sluiter - andrew del prete - travis nicholas. This heated water is used for calculating the calorie content. It is produced from natural gas in production plants with 60% total energy efficiency. The prepared biodiesel is tested for some important property of fuel like calorific value, viscosity and density. Tap here to review the details. Then, 100ml of filtered oil is taken into a round bottom glass flask and methanol / sulphuric acid solution is poured into the flask. Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO) provides an alternative energy means of producing liquid fuels from biomass for various uses. BIODIESELFOSSIL FUEL Renewable in natureNon-renewable in nature Eco-friendlyCause pollution Produced from jatropha, pongamiaExtracted from sea bed Less sulphur contentComparatively more Cetane number greater than 51Cetane number is 41-50 Viscosity at 40 is 3. The prospects of solar photovoltaic cells as energy source for vehicles have not even been explored so far. all of the information for this. Further increase in the catalyst increases the cost and not the conversion rate. This procedure is depicted in more detail beneath. The optimum results of biodiesel process is the reaction time of 5 minute, NaOH catalyst 1%wt of WCO, molar ratio WCO to MeOH of 1:6, frequency ultrasonic of 20 KHz and output power ultrasonic of. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Exhaust emissions from NGVs are much lower than those from gasoline-powered vehicles. Copyright 2022 service.graduateway.com. In this process the solution of methanol and sulphuric acid is prepared and then added to the filtered oil. During the 1920s, this bio fuel was 25% of Standard Oils sales in that area. Simultaneously start the stopwatch. Share yours for free! alternative fuel technologies, llc joe flippin-president/ceo. The above layer is used for the further process. Alkali metal alkoxide are the most efficient trans-esterification catalyst compared to acidic catalyst. 84 for diesel oil). Registered address: Louki Akrita, 23 Bellapais Court, Flat/Office 46 1100, Nicosia, Cyprus synthesis of biodiesel fuel from vegetable oil references: pavia - p. 207 216 - p. BIODIESEL : AN ALTERNATE FUEL - . 26 m3 air/ m3 gas17. The heat from the water vapor is calculated and compared against standard benchmarks to achieve the calorific value Fig 4. No less damaging is the processing and use of the fuel itself. All the apparatus are first washed with water. 15 9. But, energy intensity, which is energy consumption per unit of GDP, is one of the highest in comparison to other developed and developing countries. For 100ml of filtered oil 10 ml of methanol is taken and added to the 0. The maximum yield of ester occur at a temperature of 60-80 at a molar ratio of 6:1. 4. 49 cSt and 870 kg/ respectively. The other properties like viscosity and density are also similar to that of diesel. Its CO2 footprint is 50-80% of conventional diesel. Tissue culture technology helps in mass production of high quality elite planting material. In India it is estimated that the cost of biodiesel produced by process of trans-esterification process of jatropha curcas oil seeds will be approximately the same of diesel. Recent Presentations Content Topics Updated Contents . Journey to Forever, a non-government organization, travelled from Hong Kong to Southern Africa producing their own biodiesel along the way and teaching the people of the small hamlets and villages how to make their own bio fuel for use in their heaters, tractors, buses, automobiles, and other machines they might have. Fatty acid methyl ester also known as biodiesel is a biodegradable, non-toxic and renewable fuel manufactured from waste cooking oil, vegetable oil, animal fats, and generated using a variety of methods (Bibin et al., 2019, Jayakumar et al., 2021, Alagumalai et al., 2021, Eko et al., 2021). Biodiesel has the same properties of diesel used as fuel for cars, trucks, etc. 14 5. Charles Dushek Discusses Used Cooking Oil to BioDiesel - Developing countries use vast amounts of vegetable cooking, DIESEL AND BIODIESEL FUELS - 68. diesel and biodiesel fuels. Trans-esterification of vegetable oils has been in use since the mid-1800s. Questions sometimes arise about the viability of fueling diesel \ vehicles with straight vegetable oil \(SVO\), or waste oils from cooking and other . The prospects of Oman and Iranian pipelines for importing of natural gas have receded. figure 68-1 (a) regular diesel fuel on the left has a, DIESEL AND BIODIESEL FUELS - 68. diesel and biodiesel fuels. 1 Preheating of waste cooking oil and filtration The waste cooking oil is collected from various eateries, chips shops, Chinese restaurants etc. For instance, NGV emissions of carbon monoxide are approximately 70 per cent lower, non-methane organic gas emissions are 89 per cent lower, and oxides of nitrogen emissions are 87 per cent lower. 4) Wipe off any water droplets adhering to the outside as well as above of the water level inside. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. 2 Transesterification For acidic trans-esterification reaction, the quantity of methanol required is one fifth the volume of waste cooking oil being used as per the research i. . You can read the details below. ASB Biodiesel is the largest Used Cooking Oil Processor in Hong Kong, in order to collect more Used Cooking Oil locally, ASB Chun Yip (our subsidiary) was established in 2013 to provide logistic and collection services to public. Biodiesel is a clean fuel and amore economic as it encourages recycling process and can be manufactured from waste oil as well. Iodine number A high content of unsaturated fatty acids in the esters increases the danger of polymerization in the engine oil. Henry Ford designed his automobiles, beginning with the 1908 Model T, to use ethanol. % in air) Leaner Richer 2. Thus, iodine number refers to the amount of iodine required to convert unsaturated oil into saturated oil. Brass, Copper, Zinc etc. The petroleum companies wanted control of the fuel supplies in the United States and, despite the benefits of biomass fuel verses the fossil fuels, they moved ahead to eliminate all competition. Fig. a lab activity your students will love!. Alternative Fuel Spray Length Characterization: Comparing Diesel and Biodiesel Fuels - . Ltd. Calorific value, viscosity and density obtained for the prepared fuel are 41812 kJ/k (9990kcal/kg), 5. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. Adding biodiesel to petroleum fuel actually increases the lubricating qualities of the fuel, easing the wear and tear on the components and lengthening the lifespan of the engine. 5 Settling Process 3. Synthesis of Biodiesel Fuel - . The Crew pictured from left to right: Adam Alexander, Thomas Voss, Michael Lubben, Angus Richeson (All chemical concentration) Problem There is an increase in demand for biofuels to supplement petroleum fuels. cleaning. 5. The process is repeated till we get two consecutive readings constant. A minimum flash point for biodiesel is specified more from the point of view of restricting the alcohol content rather than a fire hazard . As the biodiesel burn, they heat the air inside the calorimeter. In case you can't find a relevant example, our professional writers are ready Dedicated NGVs also can reduce carbon dioxide exhaust emissions by almost 20 per cent vehicles. Learn new and interesting things. Solar power, may however, be used to run certain auxiliary systems in the vehicle. Biodiesel can be made from any plant oil, animal oil, or even used cooking oil. This is the viscosity at room temperature, T0C. The various methods used can be summarized as: a) Dilution: viscosity of vegetable oils can be lowered by blending with pure ethanol; 25% of sunflower oil and 75% of diesel were blended as diesel. 2. It defines the fuels limit of filterability. 3. No Comments. Click here to review the details. The fuel prices are sky rocketing day by day and fossil fuel are at verge of depletion in coming few decades. So you do not need to waste the time on rewritings. Within the Romanian Fiscal Code (Law 571/2003), A new legislation has been adopted in May 2007, Transposition of Directive 2003/30 and national, Romania has adopted the following targets, Maximum allowed temperature of medium,R90, Floor space occupied with one module, sq.m.3,0, Dimensions (L x W x H), mm2200mm1400mm2300, Biodiesel contains no petroleum, it can be. In this process, 0. used cooking oil. Biodiesel can be mixed with petroleum diesel at any concentration in most modern diesel engines, although engine performance may decrease. Mixing Intensity It is observed that after adding methanol and catalyst to the oil, stirring for 5-10 minutes help in higher rate of conversion and recovery. Residual alcohol in the biodiesel reduces its flash point drastically. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. that molar ratio WCO to MeOH of 1:6, NaOH catalyst of. No problem. 025M NaOH(ml)Constant Burette Reading (ml) InitialFinal 112017. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Alcohol Methanol or ethanol, as near to absolute as possible can be used. The trans-esterification works well when the starting is high. Diesel was not the only inventor to believe that biomass fuels would be the mainstay of the transportation industry. Some reports indicate that jatropha gives yields varying 1. The Veggie Van travelled 25,000 miles around the United States on recycled fryer oil as did a group of women. 3. Biodiesel production by recycling WCO and. Sodium alkoxide is the most efficient catalyst for this purpose but sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide to can also be used. 5 times that of the world average. Underground storage is preferred in cold climate but can be stored in open. For the production of biodiesel 100ml of waste cooking oil is taken in a round bottom glass flask of 1 liter capacity with a tight fitting stopper. Pharapreising and interpretation due to major educational standards released by a particular educational institution as well as tailored to your educational institution if different; 3 Determination of density of the biodiesel For all mass measurements, platform balance is used. collective noun for whales; handel halvorsen passacaglia pdf . Biodiesel is an elective fuel like regular or 'fossil' diesel. Making Biodiesel From Waste Vegetable Oil | Utah Biodie-sel Supply Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil 27 physical charac-teristics good, texture and struct ure, are preferable to the level of fertility, as it can be corrected with mineral fertilization. Animal fats including tallow,lad,yellowgrease,chicken,and omega-3fatty acids from fish oils 5. In Europe at this time, there is an option for biodiesel in many gas stations and vehicles that use diesel are readily available. Waste vegetable oil from restaurant 4. Biodiesel is a renewable alternative to petroleum-based diesel fuel (hereafter referred to as "petrodiesel"). The enormous influence of the petroleum industries and other industries that might be threatened and/or impacted by a resurgence of the renewable, biomass, and associated industries is being felt on all levels. In addition to these reductions in pollutants, NGVs also emit significantly lower amounts of greenhouse gases and toxins than do gasoline vehicles. 4-95% C2H6-6-3% C3H8-2-3. Separating funnels were used to separate the mixture. Growing fuel and extracting it with an oil press is a much cleaner and sustainable process than mining and refining crude oil into useable petroleum fuel. Diesel believed biomass fuel to be viable alternative to the resource consuming steam engine. And, again, its all free. PowerPoint Presentation The Diesel Crew Making Biodiesel Fuel from Waste Cooking Oil The Crew pictured from left to right: Adam Alexander, Thomas Voss, Michael Lubben, Angus biodiesel is prepared from the trans esterification process which involves two step- acidic esterification in which oil (1litre), solution of sulphuric acid and methanol is heated at 60 c for1-2hours at 350 rpm and in second step, trans esterification reaction is carried out in which above obtained mixture is heated at 50 c with additional The reaction solution separates into two obvious layers. If so, share your PPT presentation slides online with PowerShow.com. There are many types of calorimeters. The oxidation stability of biodiesel varies greatly depends upon the feedstock used. Hydrogen gas (H2) is being explored for use in combustion engines and fuel-cell electric vehicles. eastern biodiesel technologies pvt. Solution, The Diesel Crew Making Biodiesel Fuel from Waste Cooking Oil Solution The Diesel Crew produced biodiesel from waste cooking oil from deep fryers, which is more economical, as it creates a valuable fuel from a waste. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. 5 Hydrogen. 62. It has low sulphur content and produces less particulate matter. This procedure is depicted in more detail beneath. e h e a t c o r s e n e r g y F e d t k. a t o r e n r g y F e You will add increments of one mL of a 1g/L NaOH or KOH solution to a solution of 1 ml oil and 10 ml isopropanol until the oil/ isopropanol solution is no longer acidic. Biodiesel is an eco-friendly and also renewable in nature . report, Preparation of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil. Ratio of alcohol to oil Another important variable affecting the yield of ester is the molar ratio of alcohol to vegetable oil. Need a custom essay sample written specially to meet your CH2 OOC R CH2 OH R COO CH3, NaOH (CATALYST) CH OOC R + 3CH3OH CH OH + R COO CH2 OOC R CH2 OH R COO CH3 TRIGLYCERIDE METHANOL GLYCEROL BIODIESEL OIl Trans-esterification reaction Fig. Biodiesel is produced from renewable sources such as vegetable oils, animal fats, and recycled cooking oils. Indian OEMS like Tata motors, Mahindra, and Ashok Leyland are also developing biodiesel vehicles. writing your own paper, but remember to In addition to lubrication of fuel injection system components, fuel viscosity, control the characteristics of the injection from the diesel injector. The above heated oil is filtered through filter paper to remove the impurities and suspended particles from the oil as shown in fig 3. Cooking Oil an overview. Biodiesel generally has a higher cloud point than diesel. When the combustion is performed, it generates water in the vapor state. (2019, May 02). Aiming at continuous and optimal biodiesel production, the current study examines the effects of the residence time of hydrodynamic reactors, catalyst concentration, methanol-to-oil ratio, and ultrasound power on methyl esters yield. There is a growing concern that the world may run out of petroleum based fuel resources. However, care should be taken not to add too much catalyst, because it will react with the glycerine to produce soap and we will get a thick, gloomy mess. Fig.1: Flow diagram of production of biodiesel. ? more details on chat. Biodiesel contains no petroleum, but it can be blended at any level with petrodiesel. us: [emailprotected]. 2. )Note down the time required to flow 50 ml oil. Ltd and the density is tested in the chemistry laboratories and the result obtained are as follows : Calorific value-41812kJ/kg (9990kcal/kg) Viscocity-5. Performance Analysis of CI Engine using Pongamia Pinnata (Karanja) Biodiesel International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Production of biodiesel from jatropha plant, Conversion of Used Cooking Oil to Biodiesel. Effect of different pre-treatment methods on production of reducing sugars fr Biodiesel Production Technology & Feedstocks For India, Biodiesel A Green Fuel | gauravsinghrajput, Presentacin estefanyrosalesinglestcnico, Business Development and Entrepreneurship Center. Bio Diesel Storage Biodiesel can be stored for long period in closed container but it should be protected from direct sunlight, low temperature and weather. According to the National Propane Gas Association, U. S. A. spark plugs from a propane vehicle last from 80,000 to 100,000 miles and propane engines can last two to three times longer than gasoline or diesel engines. WASTE COOKING OIL (WCO) Graduateway.com is owned and operated by Radioplus Experts Ltd 4. Ltd. 2 Objectives Despite the fact that oil directly from the horticultural business speaks to the best potential source it isn't being delivered economically essentially in light of the fact that the crude oil is excessively costly. Measure 1 mL of waste cooking oil into a conical flask using a graduated eyedropper. Under same condition 67-84%conversion into esters can be obtained, using crude vegetable oils, compared to 94-97% when using refined oil. TME was prepared at an optimized . The CNG vehicles are languishing with repeated shortages in CNG supplies. what are biofuels ?. Tissue culture help in mass production of elite identified clones. Two higher blends of ethanol, E-85 and E-95 are being explored as alternative fuels in demonstration programs. Repeated frying for preparation of food makes the edible vegetable oil no longer suitable for consumption due to high free fatty acid (FFA) content [10]. A general understanding of the various properties of biodiesel is essential to study their implication in engine use, storage, handling, and safety. 1. submit it as your own as it will be considered plagiarism. The petroleum industry undercut the bio fuel sales and by 1940 the plant was closed due to the low prices of petroleum. The collection will consider different activity sectors restaurants, fast food outlets, schools and the domestic sector. In 1973 we experienced the first of two crises. b) Micro emulsion: the formation of micro emulsion is one of the four solutions for solving high vegetable viscosity and gumming problems. Energy is the prime mover of economic growth and is vital to the sustenance of a modern economy. Per capita energy consumption in India is one of the lowest in the world as shown in Fig. Larger quantities of soaps inside injectors cause operational problems. In fact trans-esterification is one of the four main methods to reduce the viscosity of vegetable oils. Get powerful tools for managing your contents. (Acids are neutralized by reacting with a base. 10) + 3. 025M NaOH is equivalent to 1 gram of pure NaOH crystals dissolved in 1 litre of distilled water) 3. Sustainable development is a concept that has become significant and increases the awareness of its necessity.
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