had experiences of occupational or recreational exposure; meanwhile, the process of infection is complex and the pathogenicity is influenced by a variety of factors. Although a number of clinical syndromes have been attributed to S. putrefaciens, the pathogenic role of this agent remains largely undefined. Data is collected weekly and does not include downloads and attachments. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Shewanella spp., most commonly S. algae and S. putrefaciens, are infrequent but occasionally severe causes of human infection associated with exposure to warm marine environments (1,2). Aging populations in warm climates might expect an increasing burden of these infections. Salmonella infection (salmonellosis) is a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. Virulence. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. The superinfection of pre-existing blisters has been reported in a handful of literature but our patient developed blisters after a week of initial symptoms of limb swelling, erythema, and pain. Arthritis due to Shewanella putrefaciens. The epidemiology of bloodstream infections caused by Shewanella spp. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Primary Shewanella algae bacterimia mimicking Vibrio septicemia. Shewanella spp. 1998 Feb;26(2):536. doi: 10.1086/517088. Incidence rate differences were expressed as incidence rate ratios and reported with exact 95% CIs. These infections are difficult to diagnose due to limited physicians' experience and scarce microbiological data available. 2012 Jun;60(3):e27-9. That study observed that otogenic, skin and soft tissue, abdominal/biliary tract, and respiratory tract foci of infection were most common, and that 71 (28%) cases were bacteremic (5). government site. BSIs varied according to the month of the year; there was a peak in the warmer, wetter months and nadir in the drier, cooler months (Figure 2). They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. Shewanella putrefaciens, a saprophytic gram-negative rod, is infrequently recovered from clinical specimens. Cureus. Accessed Dec. 22, 2021. Most people don't need to seek medical attention for salmonella infection because it clears up on its own within a few days. 2009 Aug;30(8):836-40. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help A previous history of ear disease was common, as 76% had a rupture or an intubation of the tympanic membrane ( Table 2 ). 2005 Apr;35(4):186-91. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2005.03.008. We analyzed data by using Stata version 16.1 (StataCorp LLC, https://www.stata.com). 2022 Apr 29;9:850938. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.850938. Often, people who have salmonella infection think they have the stomach flu. Twelve (14%) patients died during the index hospitalization, and 13 (15%) died within 30 days of BSI diagnosis. IV. Most BSIs were community-onset; 25 (29%) were classified as healthcare-associated, 54 (64%) as community-associated, and 6 (7%) as hospital-onset. 2022;28(4):701-706. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2804.212193. Hepatobiliary diseases and malignancy were the major predisposing factors for S. putrefaciens infection of the biliary tract and S. putrefaciens bacteremia/septicemia. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Message not sent. Emerg Infect Dis. Before Wang YL, Wang DC, Zhan SW, Zheng JX, Liu Y, Tao Y, Shi ZF, Hao M, Yu L, Kan B. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. We confirm these infections as rare infections and provide novel incidence data. The patient had fever for the first 2 days of hospitalization. All Queensland residents with incident BSIs caused by Shewanella spp. [8] 238-241 Malignancy, hepatobiliary disease, diabetes mellitus, and colonization of the biliary tract are common underlying conditions. In addition, although usually considered community-associated pathogens, 29% of our cases were healthcare-associated and 7% hospital-onset. A second limitation was that our study was retrospective; therefore, we were restricted in data variables for analysis. DISCUSSION: Shewanella algae primarily causes opportunistic infection in people with exposed skin ulcers who have been exposed to marine environment and patients with hepatobiliary disorders who ingest raw seafood. Derby HA, Hammer HA. The most common focus of infection was soft tissue (35 cases, 41%) cases. It has been recognized that many S. putrifaciens cases previously reported were probably S. algae because the clinical characteristics of these infections might be confused (5,7). Salmonella: Information for healthcare professionals and laboratories. For questions regarding this activity, contact the accredited provider, CME@medscape.net. The Altmetric Attention Score for a research output provides an indicator of the amount of attention that it has received. We thank the data linkage team of the Statistical Services Branch, Queensland Health, for linking the data sets used for this study. Bloodstream Infections in Queensland, Australia. We identified all healthcare encounters with private and public institutions within the 2 years before 1 year after index blood cultured within the Queensland Hospital Admitted Patient Data Collection. All blood cultures that had growth of Shewanella spp. If you are not registered on http://www.medscape.org, please click on the Register link on the right hand side of the website. She had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation 6 months previously to excise hepatocellular carcinoma related to Child-Pugh class C hepatitis C cirrhosis; since that procedure, she had been under treatment with immunosupressive drugs. Ear infections with Shewanella alga. The route of Shewanella infection is associated with direct contact with the organism through seawater or ingestion of raw seafood (9). https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. The co-isolated organisms included Escherichia coli in 7 cases, and 1 each of Candida spp., Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, group G streptococcus, Vibrio vulnificus, and 1 unidentified gram-negative bacillus. No cases were observed within the western outback regions, and low rates were observed in the Greater Brisbane area. Of the 25 healthcare-associated case-patients, 21 (84%) had hospital visits within 30 days, and 10 (40%) had hospital admissions within 90 days before the index episode. Human soft tissue infection by the emerging pathogen, Nosocomial peripancreatic infection associated with, Shewanella haliotis Associated with Severe Soft Tissue Infection, Thailand, 2012, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Poovorawan K, Chatsuwan T, Lakananurak N, Chansaenroj J, Komolmit P, Poovorawan Y. Shewanella haliotis Associated with Severe Soft Tissue Infection, Thailand, 2012. PMC S. haliotis and S. algae are closely related organisms; discriminating between them on the basis of biochemical tests is difficult. Disclosure: Laurie Barclay, MD, has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships: owned stock, stock options, or bonds for AbbVie (former). Overall, more than 25 Shewanella species exist with only two known for their invasive nature toward a human host, Shewanella putrefaciens and Shewanella algae. This strain was resistant to polymyxin B (300 g/disc). health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health Only one answer is correct for each question. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Bookshelf Our objective was to define the incidence and determinants of Shewanella spp. We classified community-onset BSIs that did not fulfill criteria for healthcare-associated infections as community-associated. Although Shewanella species BSIs are rare, there is a major potential for large increases in coming years as a result of aging populations and climate change. BSIs infections diagnosed in the community or within the first 2 calendar days of stay in hospital were classified as community-onset. The highest rates occurred in the tropical coastal Torres and Cape area (Figure 3). Our objective was to define the incidence and determinants of Shewanella spp. However, in certain people especially infants and young children, older adults, transplant recipients, pregnant women, and people with weakened immune systems the development of complications can be dangerous. In recent years, Shewanella has also been reported to be associated with food poisoning [ 13 ]. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. In humans, most Shewanella species infections occur in skin and soft tissues (4). The median age of case-patients was 71.4 (interquartile range [IQR] 60.382.8) years, and 72 (84%) incident episodes were in male patients. Concurrent infection due to Shewanella putrefaciens and Mycobacterium marinum acquired . Khashe, S, and M Janda . Primary bacteraemia with a fulminant course is also seen in immunocompromised patients. Vignier et al. Accessibility Washing your hands thoroughly can help prevent the transfer of salmonella bacteria to your mouth or to any food you're preparing. Shewanella algae has been identified as a new bacterial species, Shewanella spp., from clinical samples . The Shewanella-related infections are sporadically reported and many cases are being documented. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Queensland is a large state with diverse geography that includes subtropical and tropical coastal regions and inland dry desert areas. Be sure to cook food thoroughly and refrigerate or freeze food promptly. Laupland, F. Edwards), University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.G. Stewart, D.L. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Four patients required admission to an intensive care unit. Many foods become contaminated when prepared by people who don't wash their hands thoroughly after using the toilet or changing a diaper or after handling contaminated food. . National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Clin Microbiol Infect 1997; 3: 329-334. There are several reports describing this organism causing human infections such as cellulitis, abscesses, bacteremia, wound infection, etc. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins (USA); 2006. pp. Merck Manual Professional Version. Literature review shows that this virulent pathogen has also been implicated in invasive infections like bacteremia, infective arthritis and osteomyelitis especially in the elderly . A complete blood count showed a leukocyte count of 2,250 cells/L (91.2% neutrophils). In some instances in which earlier methods could not reliably distinguish between S. putrefaciens and S. algae, growth in nutrient broth with and without 6% NaCl was used to confirm the species identification. -. Included in the study is an examination of the occurrence of S. alga in sea water around the island.Methods: Bacteriologic examination and antibiotic susceptibility testing of 67 clinical isolates, 11 sea . Ear infections with Shewanella alga: a bacteriologic, clinical and epidemiologic study of 67 cases Hanne 111. . Warning signs include: If salmonella infection enters your bloodstream (bacteremia), it can infect tissues throughout your body, including: People who have had salmonella are at higher risk of developing reactive arthritis from salmonella infection. Molecular characterization of 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed by using PCR with Shewanella species consensus primers (Technical Appendix Table) and direct sequencing from PCR product (JX968803). information highlighted below and resubmit the form. Shewanella is a ubiquitous organism that has been isolated from many foods, sewage, and both from fresh and salt water. J Koran Med Sci. There are several reports describing this organism causing human infections such as cellulitis, abscesses, bacteremia, wound infection, etc. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. She had a low-grade fever (temperature, 38C). USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service. The score is derived from an automated algorithm, and represents a weighted count of the amount of attention Altmetric picked up for a research output. Shewanella spp. Tosh PK (expert opinion). Documented illnesses by Janda et al. Most (73, 70%) infections were monomicrobial. Here, we isolated a gram-negative bacterial strain (termed XX2021) from farmed largemouth bass. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Roadmap to reducing salmonella. Cellulitis due to Shewanella algae: Crucial diagnostic clues from basic microbiological tests. Figure. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal There was an increased risk for development of Shewanella species BSIs with advancing age, particularly among male patients (Figure 4). Shewanella (Pseudomonas) putrefaciens bacteremia. The site is secure. These Shewanella infections are increasingly being associated with new disease symptoms such as skin and soft tissue infectious outcomes such as ulcers and necrotizing fasciitis, [13, 6,. Paterson), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane (K.B. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Shewanella putrefaciens is as yet rarely responsible for clinical syndromes in humans. This means that Shewanella infections occur in warm climates or during especially warm summers in temperate climates.
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